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The protection sector undertakes activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual. This can mean ensuring legal protections, such as registration, representation and intervening in situations of human rights abuses, as well as physical protection, such as patrols and accompaniment, including during firewood collection. Cooking fuel and the protection sector are closely tied by the high incidence of rape reported when women and children leave camps to collect firewood, which they must do because sufficient cooking fuel is rarely provided in humanitarian settings. As safely accessible resources are scarce, women and children must travel long distances to secure enough firewood to cook for their families. Additionally, in conflict affected areas such as northern Sri Lanka, the collection of firewood leaves women and children vulnerable to landmine explosions.
Protection Resources
Addressing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: An Analytical
Inventory of Peacekeeping Practice
Reports
Author: UN Action Against Sexual
Violence in Conflict
Date: June 2010
Synopsis: This document began with a
2008 desk review of protection strategies employed by international and
regional peacekeepers. The findings were then field tested through missions to
Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, in order to
cross-reference examples cited in the desk review with operational realities in
contexts where sexual violence has been a prominent feature of conflict and its
aftermath. The end result of this research will include the development of
training material as part of a package being developed by the United Nations
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) Integrated Training Service (ITS)
on the protection of civilians, as well as a continuing capture of the kinds of
tactics identified in this paper to build a “bank” of good practice.
WFP Gender Policy
Policies
Author: World Food Programme (WFP)
Date: January 2009
Synopsis: This document outlines a
framework for mainstreaming gender more fully into WFP’s policies, operational
processes and programs. New program priorities include addressing
gender-related protection challenges including safe access to cooking fuel and
promoting a gender-sensitive approach to sustainable livelihoods.
Community Based Approach in UNHCR Operations
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: January 2008
Synopsis: This manual provides
practical guidance on how to implement a community-based approach in humanitarian
settings that empowers displaced communities to actively participate in the
planning and implementation of protection strategies.
Community Based Approach in UNHCR Operations—Annex 2:
Toolkit
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: June 2007
Synopsis: This toolkit outlines
specific methods for participatory data collection, analysis and planning to
support a community-based approach in humanitarian settings that empowers
displaced communities to actively participate in the planning and implementation
of protection strategies.
Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: Global Overview and
Implications for the Security Sector (Excerpt)
Reports
Author: Geneva Centre for Democratic
Control of Armed Forces
Date: 2007
Synopsis: This excerpt briefly
highlights the lessons learned from the Darfur firewood patrols, specifically
what made them successful, in order to help guide strategies to protect women
and girls from sexual violence in other peacekeeping environments.
The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: May 2006
Synopsis: This tool describes the three
phases of performing a situation analysis (analysis of existing information,
participatory assessment, participatory planning), which enables humanitarian
actors to more accurately determine protection strategies and programming for UNHCR’s
operations in a specific country. Specifically, this tool outlines the ten
steps involved in phase two of a situation analysis: participatory assessment.
Fuel Provision and Gender-Based Violence: Fuel-efficiency as
a Prevention Strategy
Reports
Author: United Nations Development Fund
for Women (UNIFEM)
Date: September 2005
Synopsis: This desk review summarizes
the literature (relevant international guidelines and two case studies: Dadaab refugee
camps in Kenya & Darfur, Sudan) regarding gender-based violence (GBV) and the
provision of cooking fuel in displaced settings, identifies knowledge gaps and
determines strategic entry points for UNIFEM’s involvement in GBV programming.
Gender & Energy for Sustainable Development: A Toolkit
and Resource Guide
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP)
Date: December 2004
Synopsis: This toolkit, written in
collaboration with ENERGIA (International Network on Gender and Sustainable
Energy), describes the ways in which energy policies affect gender equity in
the context of sustainable development, and offers materials and suggestions on
how to integrate gender and energy sensitivity into development programs,
projects and policies.
Assessment Tools/Sample Interview & Focus Group
Questions: Peacekeepers
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission
Synopsis: This document provides sample
interview questions for Peacekeeping, Civilian Police and/or other security forces
on the topic of firewood collection, protection concerns and physical
protection strategies such as firewood patrols.
Assessment Tools/Sample Interview & Focus Group
Questions: Beneficiaries
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission
Synopsis: This document provides sample
interview/focus group discussion questions for beneficiaries or women’s groups
on the topic of cooking fuel needs & preferences as well as cooking
fuel-related protection concerns.
Assessment Tools/Sample Interview & Focus Group
Questions: Humanitarian Agencies
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission
Synopsis: This document provides sample
interview questions for humanitarian agencies on the topic of cooking fuel
needs, programs and concerns.
Adaptable Template: Standard Operating Procedures for Firewood Patrols
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission,
based on guidelines originally drafted by members of the South Darfur GBV
working group
Date: 2007
Synopsis: This document outlines best
practices for security forces, conducting firewood patrols to enhance physical
safety during firewood collection. This document is a modifiable template,
which should be adapted to suit specific local contexts.
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