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Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa (General)
Chad
DR Congo
Ethiopia
Kenya
Sudan (Darfur)
Uganda
Africa (General)
Renewable Energy for Africa
Author: Institute for Environmental Security
Date: May 2009
Synopsis: This publication gives an overview of nine potential sources of renewable energy for Africa, including costs, benefits and challenges, examples of pilot projects, and which countries or regions in Africa would be most suitable for implementation.
Programme for Biomass Energy Conservation in Southern Africa: The role of household energy conservation in HIV/AIDS mitigation
Author: Programme for Basic Energy and Conservation (ProBEC)/German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)
Date: 2006
Synopsis: This presentation describes how household energy conservation indirectly mitigates the effects of HIV/AIDS by decreasing stress, increasing food security/nutrition and reducing vulnerability to infection through indoor air pollution, for example.
Chad
Solar Cooker Project Evaluation—Iridimi Refugee Camp, Chad
Reports
Author: Solar Cookers International & Jewish World Watch
Date: October 2007
Synopsis: This report documents the results of a five-day
evaluation of the effectiveness of solar cooking in the Iridimi Refugee
Camp for Darfuri refugees in eastern Chad. The evaluation consisted of
121 in-person interviews, which were comprised of ten qualitative and
quantitative questions meant to assess the impact of solar cooking in
the camps, illuminate the demographics of those who use the cookers, and
understand the benefits and challenges of the Solar Cooker Project.
DR Congo
DRC Fuel Efficient Stove Project: A Review of the Experiences of Mercy Corps’ First Project Involving Carbon Credits
Reports
Author: Mercy Corps
Date: July 2010
Synopsis: Climate change is one of the three key priorities in Mercy Corps’ strategic framework. This document gives an overview of the principal outcomes, challenges and experiences from a carbon credit pilot project in the DRC, with a view to using it for future decision-making.
Ethiopia
Gaia Association: Clean Energy-Safe Energy Program, Kebribeyah Refugee Camp, Eastern Ethiopia
Presentations
Author: The Gaia Association
Date: 2007
Section: Presentations
Synopsis: This power point presentation is an overview of the Clean Energy-Safe Energy Program implemented by the Gaia Association, in partnership with UNHCR, in Kebribeyah Refugee Camp eastern Ethiopia. The program distributed ethanol and ethanol-fuelled CleanCook Stoves to around 1000 Somali refugee families, with plans for scale-up. The presentation gives an overview of program implementation and program impacts such as improved air quality, livelihoods and quality of life.
Report on the Progress of the Gaia Association/UNHCR-RLO Sub-Project for the Provision of Clean and Safe Energy to the People of Kebribeyah Refugee Camp, January 1, 2006-December 31, 2006.
Reports
Author: The Gaia Association
Date: December 2006
Synopsis: This report provides an overview of the activities undertaken, and progress made, by the Gaia Association during 2006—namely providing ethanol-fuelled CleanCook stoves to Somali refugee families in Kebribeyah camp in eastern Ethiopia, as an alternative to using firewood. The report covers program implementation, impact on protection and health issues, lessons learned and plans for the future.
Impact Evaluation of the Use of Ethanol with the CleanCook Stove in the Kebribeyah Refugee Camp
Reports
Author: Ministry of Mines and Energy, Ethiopian Rural Energy Development and Promotion Center
Date: October 2006
Synopsis: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether the provision of ethanol and CleanCook stoves helped mitigate basic social, economic and indoor environmental quality issues of households in the Kebribeyah Somali refugee camp in eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected by the Ethiopian Rural Energy Development and Promotion Center (EREDPC) socio-economics department, which conducted a two-day household fuel consumption and stoves use survey on 40 households in the camp. The field questionnaire and results of the study are included in the report.
An Ethanol-fueled Household Energy Initiative in the Shimelba Refugee Camp, Tigray, Ethiopia: A Joint Study by the UNHCR and the Gaia Association
Reports
Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) & Gaia Association
Date: January 2006
Synopsis: This report provides an overview of the implementation and scale up of the ethanol stove program in Shimelba Camp, Tigray, Ethiopia.
UNHCR Kebrebeyah Camp Report
Reports
Author: Project Gaia Research Studies
Date: October 2005
Synopsis: Qualitative information (in the form of narratives) from twenty households describes the impact of the provision and use of the CleanCook ethanol stove by Somali refugee families in eastern Ethiopia. Further recommendations and implications discuss the possibility of expanding the use of the CleanCook stove with the local population as well as in refugee camps in Kenya.
Narratives of CleanCook Stove use in the UNHCR Shimelba Camp Tigray, Ethiopia
Narratives
Author: Project Gaia Research Studies
Date: August 2005
Synopsis: Sixteen households and one Project Gaia Shimelba Surveyor were interviewed concerning the use of the CleanCook ethanol stove in their homes. This document includes transcriptions of the resulting narratives, as well as the narrative questions themselves. Overall response is positive.
Kenya
Safe Access to Firewood and alternative Energy in Kenya: An Appraisal Report
Reports
Author: World Food Programme (WFP)
Date: July 2010
Synopsis: This report, part of a series of assessments conducted
by WFP and the Women’s Refugee Commission based on the IASC Task Force
SAFE guidance, appraises fuel scarcity in Kenya and the ways in which it
negatively impacts the protection and health/nutrition of displaced
populations, as well as the environment. It concludes with a summary of
existing responses and WFP’s strategy to promote energy efficient
technologies and fuels to reduce adverse environmental impacts and
create livelihoods opportunities to alleviate the economic burden of
purchasing fuel and bartering food rations.
Evaluation of Manufactured Wood Burning Stoves in Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya
Reports
Author: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) & Berkeley Air Monitoring Group
Date: February 2010
Synopsis: The purpose of this study was to obtain information on
the potential suitability of a new generation of manufactured biomass
cooking stoves for refugee and Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
environments, as well as disaster relief situations. The report combines
rigorous quantitative stove performance testing using the Controlled
Cooking Test protocol with as much qualitative assessment of the
acceptability and usability of each stove as feasible during a
time-limited visit to a refugee camp designated by USAID.
Fuel Provision and Gender-Based Violence: Fuel-efficiency as a Prevention Strategy
Reports
Author: United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
Date: September 2005
Synopsis: This desk review summarizes the literature (relevant
international guidelines and two case studies: Dadaab refugee camps in
Kenya & Darfur, Sudan) regarding gender-based violence (GBV) and the
provision of cooking fuel in displaced settings, identifies knowledge
gaps and determines strategic entry points for UNIFEM’s involvement in
GBV programming.
Evaluation of the Dadaab firewood project, Kenya
Reports
Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR) Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU)
Date: 2001
Synopsis: This report is an evaluation of UNHCR’s direct fuel
provision project in Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya, conducted by Casa
Consulting. The aim of the project was to provide firewood to refugee
families to reduce the exposure of women and children to GBV during
firewood collection outside the camps. In addition to assessing the
impact of the project on GBV, this report evaluates the environmental
consequences of the project, as well as its cost-effectiveness,
sustainability and impact on community-refugee relations. Lastly, the
report examines alternative strategies and provides recommendations for
the future.
Sudan (Darfur)
Biomass Briquetting in Sudan: A Feasibility Study
Reports
Author: Dr. Ahmed Hassan Hood, for Women’s Refugee Commission
Date: August 2010
Synopsis: The aim of this study is to evaluate and study the feasibility of the manufacture and use of biomass briquettes in Sudan. The research was conducted through literature reviews, field visits, focus groups and inter-agency meetings. Specifically, the report covers biomass technologies and programs, experiences with biomass briquetting in Sudan, the availability, feasibility and potential impacts of briquetting materials in Sudan, and project implementation and recommendations.
Safe Access to Firewood and Alternative Energy in North Darfur: An Appraisal Report
Reports
Author: World Food Programme (WFP)
Date: October 2009
Synopsis: This report, part of a series of assessments conducted by WFP and the Women’s Refugee Commission based on the IASC Task Force SAFE guidance, appraises fuel scarcity in North Darfur and the ways in which it negatively impacts the livelihoods, protection and health/nutrition of displaced populations, as well as the environment. It concludes with a summary of existing responses and WFP’s new strategy to ensure safe access to cooking fuel that focuses on physical and environmental protection, the creation of alternative (non woodfuel dependent) livelihoods opportunities, reducing firewood dependency in schools and piloting innovative fuel technologies.
Fuel Efficient Stove Programs in IDP Settings: Summary Evaluation Report Darfur, Sudan
Reports
Author: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Date: December 2008
Synopsis: This report evaluates four types of FES being promoted by three different NGOs, to ascertain whether the stoves do indeed achieve their stated objective of reducing fuel consumption. Additionally, the report identifies behavioral and programmatic factors that influenced the degree to which FES programs were able to meet their fuel savings and other goals.
Destitution, distortion and deforestation: the impact of conflict on the timber and woodfuel trade in Darfur
Reports
Author: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Date: November 2008
Synopsis: This is the first study by the UNEP-supported Environmental Technology Task Force (ENTEC) in Darfur, created to inform humanitarian programming and preparation for future post-conflict recovery efforts regarding the use and promotion of alternative energy and construction technologies. This report details the impact of the conflict on timber/woodfuel and livelihoods, domestic energy needs and the current policy context, as well as recommendations for the future.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Fuel-Efficient Stove Programming: A Darfur-Wide Review
Reports
Author: ProAct Network
Date: September 2008
Synopsis: This review, undertaken on behalf of the Darfur Fuel-efficient Stove Working Group (FESWG), assesses, from a programmatic perspective, the degree to which the stated objectives of FES projects in Darfur are being met, focusing specifically on protection, environment, livelihoods and health & safety. Key criteria include sustainability, replicability, geographic coverage, community participation and capacity-building.
Development and Testing of the Berkeley Darfur Stove
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Date: March 2008
Synopsis: The article describes the design and testing of the first version of the Berkeley Darfur Stove, an improved stove based off another fuel-efficient metal stove called the Tara. Alterations were made to the original design to improve the stability of the stove during vigorous stirring, as well as its performance in windy conditions. Additionally, a cooking test protocol was designed to better simulate cooking situations in Darfur during stove testing. Step-by-step directions to implement the Darfur Cooking Test Protocol and detailed descriptions and diagrams of stove modifications are included, along with fuelwood efficiency data.
Notes from the Field: FES Testing in Darfur
Notes From The Field
Author: International Lifeline Fund
Date: February 2008
Synopsis: A field practitioner in Darfur, Sudan offers practical guidance on how to conduct fuel-efficient stove testing.
Fuel-Efficient Stoves: Workshop Report--El Fasher, North Darfur
Reports
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission
Date: February 2008
Synopsis: This document is a two-part report. Part I presents the results, findings and issues raised during a participatory workshop for 30 internally displaced women from all three el Fasher-area camps on the topic of fuel-efficient stoves, held on September 25, 2007. The results of Part I shaped the agenda for Part II, a subsequent information-sharing workshop on FES programming for FES service providers and other NGOs, UN agencies, and government ministries.
Income Generation Activities Manual: Returning “Profit” to IGAs
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: CHF International
Date: 2007
Synopsis: Born out of CHF’s experience implementing IGAs in Darfur, this manual uses case studies to introduce concepts and tools for strengthening basic business skills and community structures around sustainable IGAs, to address, in part, the fact that women and girls are often forced, out of necessity, to engage in IGAs that lead to increased risk of GBV.
Fuel Provision and Gender-Based Violence: Fuel-efficiency as a Prevention Strategy
Reports
Author: United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
Date: September 2005
Synopsis: This desk review summarizes the literature (relevant international guidelines and two case studies: Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya & Darfur, Sudan) regarding gender-based violence (GBV) and the provision of cooking fuel in displaced settings, identifies knowledge gaps and determines strategic entry points for UNIFEM’s involvement in GBV programming.
Uganda
Foraging and Fighting: Community Perspectives on Natural Resources and Conflict in Southern Karamoja
Reports
Author: Feinstein International Center at Tufts University & Save the Children in Uganda
Date: August 2010
Synopsis: This report presents the findings of qualitative research examining the intersection between natural resources and conflict in Southern Karamoja, Uganda, from the perspective of local communities.
Safe Access to Firewood and Alternative Energy in Uganda: An Appraisal Report
Reports
Author: World Food Programme (WFP)
Date: November 2009
Synopsis: This report, part of a series of assessments conducted by WFP and the Women’s Refugee Commission based on the IASC Task Force SAFE guidance, appraises fuel scarcity in the Mbarara and Karamoja regions of Uganda and the ways in which it negatively impacts the livelihoods, protection and health/nutrition of displaced populations, as well as the environment. It concludes with a summary of existing responses and WFP’s new strategy to ensure safe access to cooking fuel focused on physical and environmental protection and the promotion of alternative livelihoods options that are not woodfuel dependent.
Youth and Sustainable Livelihoods: Linking Vocational Programs to Market Opportunities in Northern Uganda
Reports
Author: Women’s Refugee Commission & Columbia University’s School of International & Public Affairs (SIPA)
Date: July 2008
Synopsis: This report analyzes Vocational Training (VT) programming in Northern Uganda and offers concrete recommendations for programming at each stage of the VT cycle including best practices, case studies and lessons learned. The report describes how VT programs can both meet the educational/livelihoods needs of youth, while supporting broader strategies for economic and social restoration. Click here for the executive summary.
Fuel Efficient Stove Programs in IDP Settings: Summary Evaluation Report, Uganda
Reports
Author: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Date: September 2007
Synopsis: This report evaluates three types of FES being promoted by four different NGOs, to ascertain whether the stoves do indeed achieve their stated objective of reducing fuel consumption. Additionally, the report identifies behavioral and programmatic factors that influenced the degree to which FES programs were able to meet their fuel savings and other goals.
Economic evaluation of the improved household cooking stove dissemination programme in Uganda: Dissemination of the Rocket Lorena stove in the districts of Bushenyi and Rakai and dissemination of the improved charcoal stove in Kampala in the years 2005 and 2006
Reports
Author: GTZ HERA (Household Energy Program)
Date: May 2007
Synopsis: This study presents the results of an economic evaluation of fuel-efficient stoves (FES), specifically the Rocket Lorena stove: cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness and a calculation of other micro/macro economic consequences surrounding the economic benefits of FES use at the household, national and global levels. It evaluates the benefits of FES including: reduced cooking time, better health, preservation of forest reserves, and preventing declines in soil fertility, etc.
How to Build the Improved Household Stoves
Tools/Manuals/Handbooks
Author: The Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development
Date: November 2004
Synopsis: This is a construction manual that offers practical guidelines on how to build the Rocket Lorena and shielded fire stoves.
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